The opium wars, opium legalization and opium consumption in China

Opium

of opium. Indeed, there can be few (if any) officials in authority, either in India or China, having, or who could be reasonably expected to possess, more than a very general impression regarding the subject. Yet, in many districts in India, the use of opium is as common as in China itself. On the other hand, there are numerous medical officers, who, from personal experience and observation, of...

Esophageal Melanocytosis in Oral Opium Consumption

Esophageal melanocytosis is a rare and benign condition, characterized by melanocytic proliferation of the esophageal squamous epithelium with heavy melanin deposition. The etiology and pathogenesis has not been exactly known but it seems to be a chronic stimulus such as gastroesophageal reflux. This condition is very rare and about 35 cases have been reported so far, most of which have been fr...

Opium Consumption Challenge and Diabetes Mellitus Control

OBJECTIVE: During recent years, opium consumption has increased among Iranian diabetic men. The belief that opium consumption can control or even eradicate DM is increasing. This study was conducted to compare the blood sugar, HbA1c, lipid profile and the frequency of diabetes complications in male type II diabetic patient with and without opium consumption. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred t...

History of the Opium Habit, and Opium-Poppy Culture

Iranian Common Attitude Toward Opium Consumption

Iran is suffering from the 2(nd) most severe addiction to opioids in the world. While the explanation of this enormous drug problem is refutably related to drug trafficking, the drug dilemma also illustrates the chain reaction of the imposed war with Iraq in 1980 - 88; the problems of poverty, unemployment, urbanization, homelessness, adultery, family crises, divorce, domestic violence, and run...